Steps, skips, and perfect intervals moving upward.

The same core intervals, heard falling instead of rising.

Two notes at once — hear the blend, not the motion.

All four triad qualities, including the unstable ones.

Every interval, both directions, melodic and harmonic.

The three sevenths that carry most tonal music.

All five sevenths, including the two that pull hardest.

Same three notes, different note underneath them.