Below the staff

Everything under the bottom line.

Low ledgers · 5 notes: C4, B3, A3, G3, F3 · Key of C

Above the staff

Everything over the top line.

High ledgers · 5 notes: A5, B5, C6, D6, E6 · Key of C

Both ends

Alternate top and bottom with no staff notes in between.

6 notes: F3, A3, C4, A5, C6, E6 · Key of C

Spaces, lines, then both together to build reading confidence.

Master a full run of natural notes — one bar per letter, F to E.

Expand up and down the staff without ledger lines just yet.

Add the low C and prepare for presets and MusicXML patterns.

Introduce flats and alternative spellings across the staff.

Mix naturals and flats across treble with fluid motion.

Sharps join the game – ledger lines and speed increase.

Mix wide ledger lines with both sharps and flats.